Isimemezelo sikaTesla sasehlobo sokwakha isistimu yokugcina amabhethri enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni eSouth Australia sabonakala ngokugcina imininingwane ebalulekile isongwe.
Ngenhlanhla, ngenkathi iphrojekthi isalokhu ifihliwe, ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokubekwa kwamaphaneli elanga e-Tesla namabhethri esiqhingini saseHawaii saseKauai, esivele ku-inthanethi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, singatholakala noma sithathwe.
Eqinisweni, manje kukhona ulwazi olwanele - ngokusho kuka-Elon Musk - ukwenza izibalo.Okufanayo kuya ngezibalo ezikhuthazayo.
Nakuba kubalulekile ukuthi isixazululo sikaTesla ishibhile kunodizili, kubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi ishibhile naphezu kokusebenzisa kuphela izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamandla ephaneli yelanga kanye nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomthamo webhethri wangempela.
Iphrojekthi kaTesla ye-Kauai ihlanganisa amaphaneli elanga angu-55,000 akwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamamegawathi angu-17 wamandla aphezulu e-DC kanye namahora angu-52 wamamegawathi okugcinwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion ngendlela engu-272 Powerpack 2s endaweni engamahektare angama-44.
Inkulu kancane kuneBuckingham Palace (amahektha angama-40) futhi ingaphansi kwengxenye yosayizi weVatican (amahektha ayi-110).
Qaphela ukuthi nakuba i-solar array ivame ukukhonjwa njenge-13 MW (AC based), i-Kauai Island Community Cooperative iqinisekisa isibalo njenge-17 MW (DC based).
U-Tesla unenkontileka ne-Kauai Island Utility Cooperative ukuhlinzeka ngegridi ngogesi ongafika ema-megawathi angama-52 ubusuku ngabunye.Inhlangano ivumile ukukhokha inani eliyisicaba lika-13.9 cents/kWh lokukhanya kwelanga eligciniwe, cishe ngo-10% ngaphansi kwalokho elikukhokhela amandla kagesi aphehla udizili.
(Isiqhingi sisadinga ukushisa udizili ngezikhathi zikagesi eziphakeme kakhulu—hhayi nje okuningi. Futhi, ngisho neHawaii iguqubala futhi line ngezinye izikhathi.)
Ngokuqondene nokuthi kungani i-Tesla ingakwazi ukuthengisa ugesi ngokuqondile kugridi phakathi nosuku, igridi ye-Kauai ayikwazi ukumunca amandla amaningi elanga: emini, ama-photovoltaics asevele ahlangabezana namaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 ezidingo zesiqhingi.
Kuwebhusayithi ye-Tesla, i-Powerpack 2 ngayinye ilinganiselwe ku-210 kWh futhi yenziwe ngama-Powerwall 2 angu-16, wona ngokwawo akalwe ku-13.2 kWh.Lokhu kunengqondo ngoba 13.2 kWh x 16 = 211.2 kWh.
Nokho, amandla aphelele e-Powerwall 2 ngayinye aphakeme impela.Ikalwe ku-7 kWh, isizukulwane sokuqala i-Powerwall iyibhethri engu-10 kWh elinganiselwe ukujikeleza amandla okukhipha amanzi angamaphesenti angama-70, ngokusho kwe-National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Lokhu kufana nokujula kokujula kokubili kokuthathu okusetshenziswe ku-plug-in ye-Chevrolet Volt plug-in, ephinde isebenzisa ikhemistri yebhethri ye-nickel-manganese-chromium.
Ngokujula kokukhishwa kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, ukuphuma kwamandla angu-210 kWh okunikezwa i-Powerpack 2 kusho amandla aphelele angu-320 kWh.Ngakho, umthamo ophelele we-272 Powerpack 2 ku-Kauai ngu-87 MWh.
Kusukela isimemezelo sokuqala sokugcina amandla ngo-2015, u-Elon Musk uthembise intengo yebhethri engu-$ 250/kWh yokuthunyelwa okukhulu futhi waqinisekisa leso sibalo ngaphambi kwephrojekthi yakamuva eNingizimu Australia.
Izindleko zika-$250/kWh zamandla okuzisholo ezingeni lemojula ziba amandla aphelele aphansi kakhulu angu-$170/kWh lapho kucatshangelwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokujula kokukhishwa.
Kungani uTesla ebhala amandla okuzisholo angama-57 MWh futhi abike kuphela ama-MWh angama-52?Amabhethri engeziwe cishe azohlinzeka ngomshini oseKauai ongakhiqiza amahora angu-52 wamamegawathi kagesi ngosuku, ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-20 yokuguga kwamabhethri.
Ama-solar panel afakwe e-Kauai aguquguqukayo, okusho ukuthi afakwe nge-angle engashintshi;azijikelezi emini, zilandela ilanga njengezinye izinto ezinkulu ezifakwa elanga.
Ngokusho kwe-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, amaphrojekthi elanga amathathu akhona e-Kauai akhona asebenza ngelanga elinyakazayo asebenza isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, ezuza izici zamandla angu-20%, 21% kanye nama-22%.(Isici samandla isilinganiso samandla akhiqizwa isikhungo samandla kumandla aso aphezulu wethiyori.)
Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi isici samandla se-21% siwukucabangela okunengqondo kwesizukulwane se-photovoltaic kuphrojekthi ye-Tesla's Kauai.Ngakho, ukuphindaphinda ama-megawatt angu-17 ngo-21% wamandla emahoreni angama-24 kusinika amahora angu-86 wamamegawathi kagesi ngosuku.
Ngokusekelwe ekucacisweni komkhiqizo, amandla kagesi angaguqula okokufaka kwe-DC kube okukhiphayo kwe-AC ngokusebenza kahle okungaba ngu-90%.Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-86 MWh DC ebheke elangeni kufanele ikhiqize cishe i-77 MWh AC ebheke kugridi.
Amahora afinyelela kwangu-52 ama-megawatt u-Tesla athembisa ukuwathengisa njalo ebusuku cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zama-megawatt-amahora angama-77 uTesla alindele kumaphaneli ayo elanga nsuku zonke.
Kalula nje, womabili amaseli elanga namabhethri amakhulu kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo, umnotho usasebenza.
Nakuba i-Tesla ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ofinyelela ema-megawatt angu-52 kugridi ye-Kauai usuku ngalunye, ayikwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngezinsuku ezineziphepho noma zemvula.
Ukuze uhlole le miphumela, isofthiwe ye-Clean Power Research's SolarAnywhere ikhiqize idatha yonyaka emele i-solar irradiance yase-Lihue, e-Kauai, lapho iphrojekthi ye-Tesla ikhona.
Ukuze kube sobala, idatha esetshenziswe kulokhu kuhlaziya ingabukwa kokuthi tinyurl.com/TeslaKauai.
Unyaka omele wedatha ye-SolarAnywhere ubonisa ukuchayeka okumaphakathi komhlaba wonke okuvundlile okungamahora angu-5.0 ngosuku, okuhambisana nesici samandla esingu-21%.Lokhu kuhambisana nedatha evela ku-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Idatha ye-SolarAnywhere ibikezela ukuthi onyakeni wayo wokuqala, i-Tesla izohlinzeka ngesilinganiso samahora angu-50 wamamegawathi kagesi ngosuku kuma-cooperatives ase-Kauai.
Ngebhethri eyengeziwe engu-5 MWh, ngisho nangemva kokwehliswa ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kwephaneli yelanga namandla ebhethri, i-Tesla ilinganiselwa ukuthi izohlinzeka phakathi kuka-45 no-49 MWh kagesi ngosuku kugridi (kuye ngokuthi icaciswe kanjani isu layo lokusebenza)..
Ngokucabanga ukuthi isilinganiso somnikelo wansuku zonke kugridi siyehla sisuka ku-50 MWh siye ku-48 MWh eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo, i-Tesla izohlinzeka ngesilinganiso esingu-49 MWh ngosuku.
I-Green Tech Media ilinganisela ukuthi ipulazi lesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga lizobiza cishe i-$1 iwathi ngayinye ngesikhathi sokufakwa e-Kauai, okusho ukuthi ingxenye yephrojekthi yelanga eKauai izobiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-17.Ngenxa yekhredithi yentela yokutshalwa kwezimali engamaphesenti angu-30, lokhu kungenise cishe izigidi ezingu-12 zamaRandi.
Inhlolovo ye-EPRI/Sandia National Laboratories eyenziwa ngoZibandlela wezi-2015 yalinganisela ukuthi izindleko zokusebenza nezokugcina amapulazi elanga esetshenziswayo aphakathi kuka-$10 no-$25 i-kilowatt ngayinye ngonyaka.Ngokusebenzisa isibalo esingu-$25, lokho okubizwa nge-O&M izindleko zamaphaneli elanga angu-17 MW esizeni kungaba ngu-$425,000 ngonyaka.
Isikolo esiphezulu sifanelekile ngoba iphrojekthi ye-Tesla Kauai ihlanganisa iphakethe lebhethri kanye namaphaneli ngokwawo.
Ku-$250 nge-kilowatt ngehora, amabhethri e-Kauai abiza cishe u-$13 million.I-Tesla ivamise ukukala izintambo nemishini yokusekela yasensimini ngokwehlukana, okungaba phezulu ku-$500,000.
Ngemuva kokukhetha izindleko ezimbi kakhulu ze-O&M, sizothatha izindleko zekhebula nezisetshenziswa ezingcono kakhulu futhi sicabange ukuthi zimahhala.
Sekukonke, uTesla uzoba nenani elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-2.5 zamaRandi ekungeneni kwemali ngonyaka cishe ezigidini ezingama- $ 26 ezindlekweni zangaphambili (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-12 wepulazi lelanga, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-14 zamabhethri) kanye nezindleko ezingaba ngama- $ 425,000 ngonyaka.
Ngaphansi kwalokhu kucatshangelwa, izinga langaphakathi lokubuyisela iphrojekthi ye-Tesla Kauai yi-6.2%.
Nakuba lokhu kuphansi ngendlela engamukeleki ezimbonini eziningi, i-SolarCity, njengengxenye enkulu yemboni yelanga, isebenzisa ukuqagela kokugeleza kwemali okunesaphulelo sika-6%, kanti iKauai ekuqaleni yayiyiphrojekthi yeSolarCity.(Bheka isipredishithi esixhunywe ngenhla futhi ukuze uthole imininingwane.)
Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi izinombolo zilungile;singase sicabange ukuthi amaphutha ekucabangeni okuhlukahlukene angakhansela.
Isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, iphrojekthi ye-Tesla e-Kauai ikhiqiza ugesi omningi kakhulu kunalokho amabhethri ayo akwazi ukuwuphatha.Okufanayo kuya kumaphrojekthi wesikhathi esizayo.okufanele ngikwenze?
Enye inketho iwukusebenzisa ugesi oweqile ukuhlukanisa amanzi nokukhiqiza i-hydrogen ezimotweni zamaseli kaphethiloli;Isiteshi sokuqala se-fuel cell hydrogenation saseHawaii sizosebenzisa le ndlela ku-Oahu.
Uma iphrojekthi ye-Kauai kaTesla ingathengisa amanye ama-megawatt-amahora angu-20 noma ngaphezulu engawachitha nsuku zonke ekunikezeni amandla ama-electrolyzer e-hydrogen, izinga langaphakathi lokubuyisela lizokhuphuka nakakhulu, ngisho noma lowo gesi unikezwa ngentengo encishisiwe.
Lokhu kungadala isimo esiyindida lapho kuyintshisekelo ka-Tesla ukwethemba ukuthi ukuphumelela kwezimoto zamaseli e-hydrogen kuzodala isidingo se-hydrogen.
Isifundo esingalindelekile esivela kuphrojekthi kaTesla Kauai kungase kube ukuthi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi amaseli kaphethiloli angavimbeli ukushintshela kwethu kumandla avuselelekayo noma angakhiqizi nhlobo, kodwa angadlala indima uma i-hydrogen ayidlayo ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amandla avuselelekayo kuphela.amandla.
Isifundo esiyinhloko, noma kunjalo, ukuthi uTesla ufakazele ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ama-solar panel kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwenza umqondo wezomnotho hhayi esikhathini esizayo, kodwa namuhla.
Eqinisweni, ku-Kauai, noma ngabe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamandla kanye nezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomthamo webhethri zisetshenzisiwe, inhlanganisela ingaba nengqondo.
Ngiyavuma ukwamukela ama-imeyili avela ku-Green Car Reports.Ngiyaqonda ukuthi ngingakwazi ukuzikhipha ohlwini noma kunini.Inqubomgomo yobumfihlo.
I-US ID.Buzz izofika kamuva ngo-2024 futhi inikeze izihlalo ezintathu, ama-intshi angu-10 engeziwe, amandla engeziwe kanye nobubanzi obuningi.
Abashayeli be-Uber bangonga imali kuphethiloli futhi bathole i-$1 eyengeziwe uma uhamba ngogesi, kuyilapho i-Mustang Mach-E ibiza u-$199 nje ngesonto ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Ford Drive.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-02-2023
