I-photovoltaic power generation ishintsha kanjani iphethini yomphakathi?

I-Southeast Asia izibophezele ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla avuselelekayo ngo-23% ngo-2025 njengoba isidingo samandla sikhuphuka.Izindlela zobuchwepheshe be-geospatial ezihlanganisa izibalo, amamodeli wendawo, idatha yesathelayithi yokubuka umhlaba kanye nokumodela isimo sezulu kungasetshenziswa ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwamasu ukuqonda amandla kanye nempumelelo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukwakha imodeli yendawo yokuqala yohlobo lwayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ukuze kuthuthukiswe imithombo eminingi yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga, umoya kanye namandla aphehlwa ngamanzi, aphinde ahlukaniswe abe izindawo zokuhlala nezolimo.Ubusha balolu cwaningo bulele ekuthuthukisweni kwemodeli entsha ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kokufaneleka kwesifunda kanye nokuhlolwa kwamavolumu amandla angaba khona.Izifunda ezinamandla amakhulu alinganiselwe kulezi zinhlanganisela zamandla amathathu ikakhulukazi zitholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Southeast Asia.Izindawo eziseduze nenkabazwe, ngaphandle kwezifunda eziseningizimu, zinamandla amancane kunamazwe asenyakatho.Ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo zamandla elanga le-photovoltaic (PV) kwakuwuhlobo lwamandla olubhekwa kakhulu endaweni, ludinga amahektha ayi-143,901,600 (61.71%), kulandele amandla omoya (39,618,300 ha, 16.98%), i-PV yelanga ehlanganisiwe namandla omoya (37,302,500 ha, 160 ha, iphesenti).) , amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi (7,665,200 ha, 3.28%), ugesi owenziwe ngamanzi ahlanganisiwe nelanga (3,792,500 ha, 1.62%), ugesi owenziwe ngamanzi nomoya ohlanganisiwe (582,700 ha, 0.25%).Lolu cwaningo lufike ngesikhathi futhi lubalulekile njengoba luzosebenza njengesisekelo sezinqubomgomo namasu esifunda okushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo, kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukene ezikhona eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Njengengxenye ye-Sustainable Development Goal 7, amazwe amaningi avumile ukwandisa nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi avuselelekayo, kodwa ngo-20201, amandla avuselelekayo azothatha kuphela i-11% yenani eliphelele lokuphakelwa kwamandla emhlabeni2.Njengoba isidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke okulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngo-50% phakathi kuka-2018 no-2050, amasu okwandisa inani lamandla avuselelekayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zesikhathi esizayo abaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili.Ukukhula okusheshayo komnotho kanye nenani labantu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwesidingo samandla.Ngeshwa, izibaseli ezimbiwa phansi zenza ngaphezu kwesigamu samandla atholakala esifundeni3.Amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia azibophezele ekukhuliseni ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwamandla avuselelekayo ngo-23% ngo-20254. Leli zwe laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia linokukhanya kwelanga okuningi unyaka wonke, iziqhingi nezintaba eziningi, namandla amakhulu okuvuselela amandla.Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo ukuthola izifunda ezifanele kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda edingekayo ekukhiqizeni ugesi oqhubekayo5.Ukwengeza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanani kagesi ezifundeni ezehlukene ahlangabezana nezinga elifanele lentengo kagesi kudinga isiqiniseko sokulawula, ukubambisana okuzinzile kwezepolitiki nezokuphatha, ukuhlela ngokucophelela, kanye nemikhawulo yomhlaba echazwe kahle.Imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ethuthukisiwe esifundeni emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ihlanganisa amandla elanga, umoya kanye namandla aphehlwa ngamanzi.Le mithombo inesethembiso esikhulu sentuthuko enkulu ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zamandla avuselelekayo zesifunda4 futhi inikeze amandla ezifundeni ezingakawutholi ugesi6.Ngenxa yamandla kanye nemikhawulo yokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yamandla esimeme e-Southeast Asia, isu liyadingeka ukuze kukhonjwe izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwamandla esimeme esifundeni, lolu cwaningo oluhlose ukufaka isandla kuzo.
Izinzwa ezikude kuhlanganiswe nokuhlaziya indawo kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukuze kusekelwe ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ekunqumeni indawo efanele yengqalasizinda yamandla avuselelekayo7,8,9.Isibonelo, ukucacisa indawo ekahle yelanga, u-Lopez et al.10 usebenzise imikhiqizo ye-MODIS yenzwa ekude ukuze ilingise imisebe yelanga.U-Letu et al.11 ulinganisele emisebeni yelanga, amafu nama-aerosol asuka kuzilinganiso zesathelayithi ye-Himawari-8.Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Principe no-Takeuchi12 bahlole amandla e-solar photovoltaic (PV) amandla esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific ngokusekelwe ezicini zezulu.Ngemva kokusebenzisa izinzwa ezikude ukuze kunqunywe izindawo ezingaba namandla elanga, indawo enenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokwakha ingqalasizinda yelanga ingakhethwa.Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziywa kwendawo kwenziwa ngokwendlela yemibandela eminingi ehlobene nendawo yezinhlelo ze-PV zelanga13,14,15.Emapulazini omoya, i-Blankenhorn ne-Resch16 ilinganisele indawo yamandla omoya angaba khona eJalimane ngokusekelwe kumingcele efana nesivinini somoya, ukumboza kwezitshalo, ukuthambekela, kanye nendawo yezindawo ezivikelwe.I-Sah kanye ne-Wijayatunga17 bafanise izindawo ezingaba khona e-Bali, e-Indonesia ngokuhlanganisa isivinini somoya se-MODIS.